| LB&SCR E4 and E4X classes | |
|---|---|
| Preserved E4 Birch Grove in LB&SCR umber livery. | |
| Power type | Steam |
| Designer | R. J. Billinton |
| Builder | Brighton Works |
| Build date | 1897–1903 |
| Total produced | 75 |
| Configuration | 0-6-2T |
| Gauge | 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) |
| Driver diameter | 5 ft 0 in (1.524 m) |
| Locomotive weight | E4: 56 tons 15 cwt to 57 tons 10 cwt E4X: 59 tons 5 cwt |
| Fuel type | Coal |
| Boiler pressure | E4: 160 psi or 170 psi E4X: 170 psi (1.17 MPa) |
| Cylinders | Two, inside |
| Cylinder size | 17.5 × 26 in (445 × 660 mm) |
| Tractive effort | E4: 18,050 lbf or 19,175 lbf E4X: 19,175 lbf |
| Class | 2MT |
| Retired | 1944–1963 |
| Disposition | One preserved, 74 scrapped |
The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway E4 Class is a class of 0-6-2Tside tank steam locomotive designed by Robert Billinton. They were introduced in 1897 and were essentially a larger version of the E3 Class. Cylinder diameter was reduced from 18 to 17.5 inches (457 to 445 mm) by the Southern Railway.
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The E4 class of "radial tanks" were powerful for their size and were stalwarts of local passenger, freight and branch work for more than fifty years. Seventy-five members of the class were built by Brighton Works between December 1897 and September 1903. All of the class survived the transfer to Southern Railway ownership in 1923. One example was however destroyed as a result of enemy action against Eastbourne motive power depot in 1942. The remainder continued in regular use following the nationalisation of the Southern Railway to become a part of British Railways in 1948. However, with the arrival of Diesel Multiple Units and the reduction in the number of branch lines after The Reshaping of British Railways in 1963, the locomotives gradually became surplus to operational requirements, and withdrawals commenced in 1955. Most of the class were withdrawn between 1958 and 1964.
The E4 class were initially used on local passenger and freight services, and on branch lines.
Later in British Railways days, several examples were found new jobs as station pilots, most famously at London Waterloo, where they brought empty carriage rakes into the station from the yards at Clapham Junction. They were also used on services such as the locally famous Lancing Belle, which ran from Brighton to the Lancing Carriage Works of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, often double-headed with members of the same class or the larger E6 class.
British Railways (BR) numbers were 32463-32520, 32556-32566 and 32577-32582.
In 1909, four locomotives were rebuilt by D. E. Marsh with larger boilers and designated E4X. These became BR numbers 32466, 32477, 32478 and 32489.
One of the last survivors in 1963 was no.32473. This was purchased by a group of preservationists and brought to the Bluebell Railway in East Sussex, where it has remained ever since, except for visits to other lines such as the Severn Valley Railway and Isle of Wight Steam Railway. The engine was withdrawn from traffic in 1971 and dismantled. Work however did not start in earnest until the 1980s and following a long overhaul, she returned to traffic in 1997 to celebrate her centenary in 1998. She was painted in the completely non-standard LBSC Marsh Umber livery with the name Birch Grove on the side tanks. In 2005 she was repainted into British Railways lined black passenger livery. Following withdrawal from service in May 2008, the locomotive was soon brought into the Bluebell workshops for a fast track overhaul, including a repaint into 1920s Southern Railway green to match much of the line's coaching stock. This was completed during January 2010, with the engine relaunched into traffic on 30 January 2010.
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